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51.
Marc H. Taylor Jorge Tam Vernica Blaskovic Pepe Espinoza R. Michael Balln Claudia Wosnitza-Mendo Juan Argüelles Erich Díaz Sara Purca Noemi Ochoa Patricia Ayn Elisa Goya Dimitri Gutirrez Luis Quipuzcoa Matthias Wolff 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(2-4):366
The Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem is one of the most productive in the world in terms of fish production. Its location near to the equator permits strong upwelling under relatively low winds, thus creating optimal conditions for the development of plankton communities. These communities ultimately support abundant populations of grazing fish such as the Peruvian anchoveta, Engraulis ringens. The ecosystem is also subject to strong inter-annual environmental variability associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which has major effects on nutrient structure, primary production, and higher trophic levels. Here our objective is to model the contributions of several external drivers (i.e. reconstructed phytoplankton changes, fish immigration, and fishing rate) and internal control mechanisms (i.e. predator-prey) to ecosystem dynamics over an ENSO cycle. Steady-state models and time-series data from the Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE) from 1995 to 2004 provide the base data for simulations conducted with the program Ecopath with Ecosim. In simulations all three external drivers contribute to ecosystem dynamics. Changes in phytoplankton quantity and composition (i.e. contribution of diatoms and dino- and silicoflagellates), as affected by upwelling intensity, were important in dynamics of the El Niño of 1997–98 and the subsequent 3 years. The expansion and immigration of mesopelagic fish populations during El Niño was important for dynamics in following years. Fishing rate changes were the most important of the three external drivers tested, helping to explain observed dynamics throughout the modeled period, and particularly during the post-El Niño period. Internal control settings show a mix of predator–prey control settings; however a “wasp-waist” control of the ecosystem by small pelagic fish is not supported. 相似文献
52.
2018年11月1日—2019年3月10日江西省出现区域性连续阴雨寡照天气,文中利用实时检测、历史同期数据和连阴雨极端天气气候事件指标,结合NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和NOAA全球海表温度资料,对这次区域连阴雨天气的异常气候特征和成因进行分析.结果表明:1)此次区域连阴雨天气具有阴雨、连阴雨日数多,累计雨量大、雨日多,日照时数少、无日照和连续无日照日数多等特点.2)连阴雨天气期间,北半球环流形势异常,欧亚中高纬呈"两脊两槽"型环流控制,有利于冷空气入侵我国南方地区;西太平洋副热带高压较常年偏强,西伸脊点偏西,脊线位置偏北,异常西南风水汽输送为持续阴雨天气提供了丰沛的水汽条件并与南下冷空气在江淮至江南地区交汇,造成江西降水异常偏多.3)赤道中东太平洋海温异常对江西秋冬季降水量和阴雨日数有重要影响;2018年江西秋冬季降水表现出对典型El Nino事件的响应,在El Nino的影响下,2018年江西省秋冬季降水量和阴雨日数偏多. 相似文献
53.
滇东北地区钼镍多金属矿床主要产于下寒武统筇竹寺组黑色页岩、黑色粉砂岩地层中,矿体与围岩界线明显,呈似层状、层状产出,为层控矿床。矿体厚度薄、品位高,但往深部有变富、变厚的趋势. 相似文献
54.
SADIKI Moulay Lhassan EL MANSOURI Bouabid BENSEDDIK Badr CHAO Jamal KILI Malika EL MEZOUARY Lhoussaine 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(3):224-236
In arid and semi-arid zones, water is the most vulnerable resource to climate change. In fact, various techniques such as artificial recharge are adopted to restore aquifers and to ensure aquifer sustainability in relation to the accelerated pace of exploitation. Morocco is a Mediterranean country highly vulnerable to climate change, many of its main aquifers are subjected to excessive drawdowns. This technique is practiced to increase potentiality of these aquifers. In the Northwestern area of Morocco, the significant development experienced by Tangier City in the industrial, tourism, and commercial sectors will lead to increased water requirements-up to 5 067 L/s (159.8 mm3) by 2030. However, the Charf El Akab aquifer system, subject to artificial recharge, is the only groundwater resource of Tangier region; hence, a rational management context is needed to ensure aquifer sustainability, and optimized exploitation under the background of differing constraints, such as increased water requirements, and climate change impacts. This work aims to respond, for the first time, to the Charf El Akab aquifer overexploitation problem, and to evaluate the future scenarios of its exploitation in the event of failure of one of the superficial resources. This work also presents a synthesized hydrodynamic modeling based on the results of the numerical simulations carried out using Feflow software for 2004 (date of cessation of injections) and 2011 (date of resumption of these facilities), making it possible to evaluate the impact of the artificial recharge on the piezometric level of the aquifer on a spatiotemporal scale. Finally, the exploitation scenarios have shown that the aquifer of Charf El Akab will not adequatly provide for the region's water requirements on the future horizon, entailing an optimal management of water resources in the region and an intentionally increased recharge rate. 相似文献
55.
FANG Mingqiang Ocean Remote Sensing Institute Ocean University of China Qingdao P.R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2)
By using monthly historical sea surface temperature (SST) data for the years from 1950 to 2000, the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) climatology and anomalies are studied in this paper. The analysis of WPWP centroid (WPWPC) movement anomalies and the Nino-3 region SST anomalies( SSTA) seems to reveal a close, linear relation between the zonal WPWPC and Nino-3 region SSTA, which suggests that a 9' anomaly of the zonal displacement from the climatological position of the WPWPC corresponds to about a 1 ℃ anomaly in the Nino-3 region area-mean SST. This study connects the WPWPC zonal displacement with the Nino-3 SSTA, and it may be helpful in better understanding the fact that the WPWP eastward extension is conducive to the Nino-3 region SST increase during an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. 相似文献
56.
1StrongtideandastronomicalconditionsPartial solar eclipse occurred 4 times in 1964, 1982 and 2000 respectively. Time interval is about 3 Saros periods (one Saros period is 18 years and 10.33~11.33 days). Total lunar eclipse occurred 2 times in 1964 and 2000 respectively and 3 times in 1982. However, there was no lunar eclipse in 1966, 1984 and 2002. It seems that they had similar astro-nomical conditions and the best was in 1982. The studies about the effect of tide on the global climate… 相似文献
57.
MO Jia-qi LIN Yi-hua WANG Hui 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(3):227-230
1IN T R O D U C T IO NInteractionsbetween the ocean and atmosphere con-tributeto climatefluctuationosver a broad spectrum oftime scales.Studiesof those interactionhsave farfo-cused on El Ni o-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)phe-nomenon thathas a period of3to4yea… 相似文献
58.
Cold water in the deep Pacific can be drawn up to the surface (or west warm water drifts eastwards ) because strong tide increases the mixing of seawater both in vertical and horizontal. In this way greenhouse effect is decreased or increased by means of absorbing (or releasing) CO2. Therefore, La Nina cold event (or El Nino warm event) may occur,which is caused by wanning - up or cooling - down air above the ocean. Volcanic action at sea bottom is also controlled by strong tide. 相似文献
59.
Amany G. Taher 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1999,8(2):149-169
The morphology and geochemistry of saline lakes in the Wadi El Natrun depression were studied. All lakes had pH values of 8.5--9.5 and a salinity from 283 to 540 g/L. The main ionic components were sulphate, chloride, carbonate and sodium. Traces of magnesium were also present. The water of the lakes is of the Cl– to SO
4
2–
-Cl– type. Increased Cl– in Wadi El Natrun brines can increase metal solubility due to the formation of soluble chloro-complexes of trace elements. The metal concentrations decrease in the order: Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni > Zn > Fe > Mn. The characteristics of Wadi El Natrun saline lakes are compared with those from other saline lakes. 相似文献
60.
Obvious results have been achieved in the forecast of typhoon track that is improved with a consensus procedure Forecast experiments were conducted with the analogue model (TSF) and the Markov type model (MTSF)that are widely used and the results show that there has been significant increase in the capability of forecasting with the improvement by the consensus procedure. 相似文献